Dust or shavings collector



(No Model.)

H. L. DAY. v DUST OR SHAVINGS COLLECTOR.

No. 513,090. Patented Jan. 23, 1894.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

H. L. DAY.

DUST 0R SHAVINGS COLLECTOR.

No. 513,090. Patented Jan. 23, 1894.

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NlTED- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DUST OR SHAVINGS COLLECTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 513,090, dated January23, 1894.

Application filed April 28, 1893. Serialll'o.4=7 2,166. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY L. DAY, of Minneapohs, in the county ofHennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain Improvements 1nDust or Shavings Collectors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in machines designed for useparticularly in wood working establishments in connection with suctionfans and suitable piping, by means of which the shavings and saw-dustfrom the wood working machines are drawn away from the machine by an aircurrent, and are separated from the air current and discharged into asuitable shavings room or into a fuel feeder that conducts them directlyto a furnace, while the air current freed from the dust and shavings ispermitted to escape from the machine. The collector may also be used 1nconnection with flour mill or grain cleaning machinery, or in any placewhere it is deslrable to separate dust from currents of air. The machinedepends for its operation upon centrifugal force and gravity. The aircurrent entering the machine is passed through a spiral or curvedconductor, and by means of centrifugal action the dust and shavings arethrown against the lower outer walls of the conductor and pass alongclose to its surface. An opening is preferably provided in the conductorthrough which the greater portion of the dust and shavings falls 1nto asuitable hopper or receptacle. The conductor is also preferably providedupon the lnner surface of its outer wall with an inclined flange orskimmer, which directs the dust and shavings traveling along the walldownward to the lower portion of the conductor. The open end of theconductor is within a suitable expansion chamber open at its lower end,and below which is a hopper designed to receive the dust and shavingsthat fall by gravity from the expansion chamher. The expansion chamberis provided in its periphery with a suitable exit opening through whichthe air current freed from the dust and shavings, or the greater portionthereof, escapes. I also prefer to provide a second circular chamberoutside of the expanslon chamber into which the air current passes, andaround which it travels until I, it reaches an exit opening in theperiphery of the chamber, through which it escapes. This second chamberis also provided with inclined flanges or skimmers extending to thebottom thereof, and this ohamberis also openat its lower end andconnects with a suitable hopper arranged outside of the expansionchamber, so that any remaining dust will be taken out of the air currentby these skimmers and directed into the hopper.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detaileddescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 is a vertical section of my dust and shavings collector.Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on liners-a: of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isahorizontal section taken on line y-y of Fig. 1 looking toward the topof the machine. Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken on a plane a rightangles to the section of Fig. 1.

In the drawings, 2 represents the air pipe or conductor through whichthe dust laden current of air is driven by a suitable fan or otherdevice. at the point where it enters the machine so that it enters themachine in a substantially vertical position; and if preferred the partof the conductor above the machine may beverticalinstead of beinghorizontal and provided with a downwardly curved portion, as shown inthe drawings.

lVithin the machine is the spiral conductor 3 to which the pipe 2connects, and this conductor is provided with an open end and isarranged within the cylindrical expansion chamber 5 and preferably closeto the wall thereof. This conductor preferably extends abouthalf wayaround the circumference of the expansion chamber, and one part of itsbottom is raised above the other so as to form an opening 7 throughwhich the heavier shavings and dust moving alongthe bottom of theconductor passes, to fall directlyinto the hopper hereinafter described.I prefer to arrange on the inner surface of the outer wall of theconductor the inclined flanged strip 9 which forms a spiral channel orskimmer on the wall of the conductor, and directs the dust passing alongclose to the wall of the conductor to the lower part of the conductor ata point near its open end. I also prefer to provide similar strips 11 onthe wall of the expansion cham- This pipeiscurved downward b er. Anopening 13 is arranged in the periphery of the expansion chamber, and ahopper 15 is secured below the open lower end of the chamber, thishopper being preferably secured by suitable bolts 17 to a plate 19 thatis secured to the outer surface of the expanslon chamber nearits lowerend. The expansion chamber is provided with a closed top 21 which mayhave a central opening 23 to be covered by a suitable cap or plate whenthe machine is in use, this cap being provided to permit access to, oran examination ofthe interror of the expansion chamber. I also prefer toprovide a second chamber 25 arranged outside and concentric with theexpansion chamber, so that the air current passing through the openingin the wall of the expansion chamber enters this second chain-- her andpasses around therein, and escapes through an exit opening or spout 27inthe periphery of this second chamber. The chamber 25 is also providedwith a closed top 31 and with-a hopper 33. The chamber 25 is open at itslower end and thus communicates freely with its hopper, which ispreferably secured to the chamber by means of bolts 37 and the plate 39attached or suitably secured to the wall of the chamber. The top of thechamber 25 preferably extends from the top of the expansion chamber, andthe two devices may besecured together by suitable screws 41 or othersuitable means. The top of the chamber 25 is also provided with anopening coincident with the opening in the top of the expansion chamberso that a single cap or plate covers the opening through both tops. Thewall of the chamber 25 is also preferably provided with inclined flangedstrips or shimmers 45 extending from a point near the top of the chambertoward the lower end thereof. The exit opening in the inner hopper maybe within the outer hopper, as shown in Fig. 1, or the inner hopper maybe provided with an exit pipe 51, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1,through which the material will escape from the inner hopper while thematerial from the outer hopper escapes through the annular space betweenthis pipe and the pipes secured to the exit opening of the outer hopper.It will be seen that as here constructed the outer chamber and hopperare independently formed and are secured to and supported upon the inneror expansion chamber. With this construction I need to use only theinner chamber and hopper where the material to be operated upon is of acoarse quality, and the outer chamber and hopper may be added to themachine where itis necessary to operate upon fine material. Ifpreferred, an additional chamber or chambers, and hopper or hoppers mayin a similar manner be secured outside of the chamber 25, thus furthersubjecting the air current to a centrifugal separating action beforepermitting it to escape from the machine.

The operation of the machine will be readily understood from theforegoing description directed downward by the inclined flange orskimmer on the wall of the conductor to the lower portion of theconductor at. its open end. When the air current passes out of theconductor into the chamber it expands therein, and the dust remaininginthe air current drops down through the open end of the chamber into thehopper. When the air current enters the chamber from the open end of theconductor it expands in the chamber, but continues its onward movement,having previously been deflected by the wall of the conductor while itpassed through the conductor, thus bringing the dust particles againstthe outer wall of the conductor. This action is further continued by thecurved wall of the chamber, and some of the dust particles being broughtagainst the wall of the chamher are directed downward by the inclinedflange plate or skimmer thereon. When the material that is beingoperated upon is coarse and heavy like coarse shavings, it will beseparated from the air current in the spiral conductor and the expansionchamber, and the air current may be permitted to escape through anopening in the peripheral wall of the chamber directly into the outsideatmosphere; but where there is considerable fine dust in the materialbeing operated upon, I prefer to provide the second chamber alreadydescribed, into which the air current passes after escaping from theexpansion chamber and around which it will pass, being constantlydeflected by the wall of the chamber, thus bringing the dust particlesagainst this wall down which they will be directed by the inclinedflanges or skimmers thereon, causing them to enter the second or outerhopper while the air current escapes through the spout or opening in thewall of the chamber. It will also be noted that in this machine thehopper does not form a dead air chamber, but that its lower end is openso that if the air pressure within the hopper were increased above thenormal the air could pass freely out through the lower open end of thehopper. I find, however, that as I provide a large opening in theperipheral wall of the expansion chamber through which the air ispermitted to escape freely after expanding in said chamber, there is noincreased pressure in the hopper and that the air within the hopper isat substantially the normal pressure, so that the fine dust will fallreadily into and pass out of the hopper by gravitation. It will also benoted that I do not have in thismachine any vertical movement of the airto cause a churning together of the air and dust in the expansionchamberor hopper, but that the separation of the dust from the air current isdue to centrifugal force and gravitation, the latter being aided by theexpansion of the air in the chamber afterit leaves the spiral conductor.

I have demonstrated'by actual experience that a machine of thisconstruction will separate the finest dust from the air current,

so that the air escaping from the machinethrough the peripheral openingis so freed from dust that no particles of dust whatever can be detectedin it. The expansion chamber is preferably of cylindrical form so as tocause a regular deflection of the air current, and as the hopperis'joined to this chamber it is most convenient to construct this hopperof conical form; butit will be understood that the hopper is simply forcatching the dust that drops from the expansion chamber and that thereis no vortical movement of the air current therein, and except forconvenience in construction the hopper might be of rectangular orpolygonal form in cross section instead of being of conical form.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent- I 1. A dust-collector comprising, in combination, acurved or spiral air conductor having an open end, a cylindricalexpansion chamber, within which the open end of said conductor isarranged, said chamber being provided with an exit opening in itsperipheral wall, and with a closed top and open lower end, and a hopperarranged below the open lower end of said chamber, substantially asdescribed.

2. In 'adust collector, the combination,with a curved or spiral inletconductor, of an expansion chamber into which said inlet conductor opensprovided with a peripheral outlet opening and with a closed top, and ahopper arranged below said expansion chamber and receiving the dust fromthe bottom of said chamber, substantially as described.

3. In a dust-collector, the combination, with a curved or spiral inletconductor, of an expansion chamber into which said inlet conductoropens, said expansion chamber being provided with a closed top and openbottom and a peripheral outlet opening, a hopper arranged below saidexpansion chamber, and deflectors or skimmers arranged upon the innersurface of the outer wall of said conductor to direct the dust or finematerial into said hopper, substantially as and for the purposespecified.

4. In a dust-collector, the combination, with a curved or spirai inletconductor, of an expansion chamber into which said inlet conductoropens, said expansion chamber being provided with a peripheral outletfor the purified air and with a hopper bottom, and defiec tors orskimmers arranged upon the inner surfaces of the outer wall of saidconductor and of said expansion chamber and arranged I,

through which said air-current passes after leaving the expansionchamber, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. The combination, in a dust-collector, with an inlet conductor, of acylindrical expansion chamber, into which, said conductor opens,provided with a peripheral outlet opening and with a closed top and openbottom, a hopper arranged below said expansion chamber, a second chambersurrounding said expansion chamber and provided with a closed top, anopen bottom and peripheral outlet and forming an annular passage for theair escaping from said expansion chamber, and a second hopper below saidsecond chamber, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with an air conductor, of an expansion chamber intowhich said conductor opens,.said expansion chamber being provided with aperipheral outlet opening and with a closed top, and a separate dustdischarge a hopper arranged below said expaning the dust therefrom, saidtop and hopper being removably connected to said expansion chamber,substantially as described.

8. The combination,with a suitable expansion chamber, of an airconductor opening into said chamber, said chamber being provided with aclosed top and a peripheral opening, a

hopper arranged below and secured to said chamber, and a secondremovable chamber and hopper arranged outside of and surrounding saidexpansion chamber and hopper and 4 adapted to receive the air-currentpassing through the peripheral opening in said expansion chamber,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

of an expansion chamber into which said conductor opens, said expansionchamber being 1 provided with a peripheral outlet opening and a dustdischarge, a chamber arranged outsideof said expansion chamber andprovided with a peripheral outlet for the purified air and saidair-current passes after leaving the expansion chamber, said secondchamber being provided with a closed top and with inclined deflectorsupon its inner surface, and a hopper arranged below said second chamberand receiving the dust therefrom, substantially as described and for thepurpose specified.

10. In a dust collector, the combination of a separating chamber inwhich the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, saidchamber being provided with an outlet for the dust and with a peripheraloutlet for the air, and a second chamber surrounding said separatingchamber and receiving the air therefrom, said second chamber being alsoprovided with a dust discharge and with an outlet for the air.

11. In a dust collector, the combination of a separating chamber inwhich the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, saidchamber being provided with an outlet for the dust and with a peripheraloutlet for the air, skimmers or deflectors arranged on the inner wall ofsaid chamber for skimming the dust out of the air and directing the dusttoward the dust outlet, and a second chamber surrounding said separatingchamber and receiving the air therefrom, said second chamber beingprovided with a dust discharge and an outlet for the air.

12. In a dust collector, the combination of a separating chamber inwhich the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, saidchamber being provided with an outlet for the dust and with a peripheraloutlet for the air, and a curved or spiral air conductor opening intosaid chamber, and provided with an opening in its lower wall.

13. In a dust collector, the combination, of a separating chamber, inwhich the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, saidchamber being provided with an exit opening in its peripheral wall, andwith a closed top and open lower end, and a hopper arranged below theopen lower end of said chamber, substantially as described.

14:. The combination, with a suitable expansion chamber in which thedust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, said chamberbeing provided with a closed top and a peripheral opening for thepurified air, and a hopper arranged below said chamber and receiving thedust therefrom, substantially as described.

15. The combination with a suitable expansion chamber, within which thedust is separated by the centrifugal'action of the air, said chamberbeing provided. with a closed top and a peripheral opening for the air,a hopper arranged below said chamber and receiving the dust therefrom,and a second removable chamber and hopper arranged outside of andsurrounding said expansion chamber andhopper and adapted to receive theair current passin g through the peripheral opening in said expansionchamber, substantially as described.

16. The combination, of a separating chamber having a dust-discharge anda peripheral outlet for the purified air, a second chamber to receivethe air therefrom, said second chamber being also provided with a dustdischarge and a peripheral outlet for the purified air, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 24th day of April,1893.

HENRY L. DAY.

In presence of A. 0. PAUL, F. S. LYON.

